Fig. 1.

—Phylogenetic placement of cachaça strains among the known lineages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whole-genome phylogenetic tree of 188 sequences, inferred from 1,108,048 SNPs using the Neighbor-Joining method and the p-distance model of sequence evolution. The tree was rooted with S. paradoxus, branch lengths correspond to the expected number of substitutions per site and black dots depict bootstrap support values above 90% (100 replicates). Lineages of cachaça or bioethanol strains are highlighted in red. For phased sequences (those with heterozygous sites >20,000) a single phase is depicted except when the two phases are phylogenetically distinct (two exceptions with strain designations indicated in red). Abbreviations of populations: MO, Mediterranean oaks; MY, Malaysia; NA–JPN, North America–Japan; PHL, Philippines; WA, West Africa.