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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 2018 Jun;53(3):279–310. doi: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1458070

Figure 4. Ras farnesylation and membrane trafficking.

Figure 4.

Farnesyltransferase (FTase) adds farnesyl group to the cysteine residue of the CAAX motif of Ras proteins. The following modifications occur on the cytosolic surface of the ER: proteolysis of the terminal three amino acid residues of the CAAX motif by Ras-converting CAAX endopeptidase 1 (Rce1), then methylation by isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (Icmt). The fully processed prenylated Ras proteins are then either directly trafficked to the membrane (e.g. K-Ras) or further undergo palmitoylation at the Golgi complex prior to the membrane trafficking (e.g. N/H-Ras). FPP: farnesyl pyrophosphate; F: farnesyl; SAM: S‑adenosyl‑homocysteine. A color version of the figure is available online.