Table 2.
Adventitious sounds.
| Sound | Duration | Phase | Frequency range | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wheeze | >80ms | BI and mostly BO | >400 Hz | Asthma, COPD, foreign body |
| Rhonchus | >80ms | BI and mostly BO | <200 Hz | Bronchitis, COPD |
| Stridor | >250ms | Mostly BI, BO, both | >500 Hz | Epiglottitis, foreign body, laryngeal edema |
| Fine crackle | ~5ms | BI | 650 Hz | Pneumonia, congestive heart failure, lung fibrosis |
| Coarse crackle | ~15ms | Mostly BI, BO, both | 350 Hz | Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, COPD |
| Pleural rub | >15ms | BI and BO | <350 Hz | Inflammation of lung membrane, lung tumor |
| Squawk | ~200ms | BI | 200 to 300 Hz | Pneumonia |
ms: milliseconds. BI: breathing in. BO: breathing out. COPD: chro nic obstructive pulmonary disease.