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. 2018 Aug 20;4:17. doi: 10.1038/s41522-018-0062-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Global life cycle of biofilm mechanical studies: due to the complex structure and living properties of biofilms, challenges exist in each step of the identification of mechanical parameters. The red double lines indicate the points that are addressed in this manuscript. Overcoming these challenges is appealing as the applications of the mechanical properties must be of particular interest