Table 1.
Effects of selective antagonists for receptors that Clozapine/CLOZ binds with highest affinity (ED50 <1 mg/kg) on behaviors tested in this study.
| Receptor antagonism* | Locomotor activity | Elevated plus-maze | Social interaction | Cognitive flexibility | Working memory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 receptor |
Decrease (intraventricular injection in fowls; Nisticò et al., 1980) Decrease (24 h measurement of circadian rhythm in H1R-knock-out mice; Inoue et al., 1996) |
Anxiogenic (mice; Serafim et al., 2013) Anxiolytic (attenuation of L-histidine-induced anxiety in mice; Kumar et al., 2007) |
No effect (rats; Kennett, 1992) |
Impairment (eight-arm radial maze spatial memory test in rats; Taga et al., 2001) Impairment (intrahippocampal injection before eight-arm radial maze delayed spatial win-shift task in rats; Okada et al., 2010) |
|
| 5-HT2A receptor |
Decrease (inhibition of PCP-induced hyperlocomotion in rats; Krebs-Thomson et al., 1998) Mediation of CLOZ-induced locomotor suppression (in knock-out mice; McOmish et al., 2012) |
Anxiogenic (rats; Setem et al., 1999) | No effect (rats; Kennett, 1992; Costall and Naylor, 1995) | Improvement of shift from visual- to place rule (cross-maze version of attentional set-shift in rats; Baker et al., 2011) | No effect (operant delayed non-match to position task in rats; Ruotsalainen et al., 1997) |
| α1 receptor | Decrease (inhibition of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in mice; Snoddy and Tessel, 1985) |
Anxiolytic (inhibition of alcohol-induced anxiety in rats upon chronic administration; Skelly and Weiner, 2014) Anxiolytic (Inhibition of alcohol deprivation-induced anxiety in rats; Rasmussen et al., 2017) |
No effect (cross-maze version of attentional set-shift in rats; Baker et al., 2011) | No effect (operant delayed non-match to position task in rats; Puumala and Sirviö, 1997) |
*Unless otherwise stated, administration of selective antagonists was acute and systemic.