Table 5.
Intravenous Vitamin C used in infections, and other diseases.
| Diseases | Regimen | Sample (n) | Vc dosage duration (days) | plasma Vc conc. (μmol/L) | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sepsis | Placebo/NAC + Ve + Vc | 14/16 | 20 mg/kg/h plus bolus doses of 1 g, 1 h | <130 | well tolerated Total plasma nitrite, heart rate, cardiac index↑ Systemic vascular resistance index↓ |
Galley et al., 1996 |
| Placebo/Lo–Vc/Hi-Vc | 8/8/8 | 50 or 200 mg/kg/24 h, 4 | 18/300/3000 | safe and well tolerated SOFA scores, inflammation, and endothelial injury↓ |
Fowler et al., 2014 | |
| Placebo/Vc | 14/14 | 25 mg/kg/6 h, 3 | Data not shown | Norepinephrine dosage and duration↓ ICU stay mortality↓ | Zabet et al., 2016 | |
| Standard/standard + hydrocortisone + thiamine + Vc | 47/47 | 1.5 g every 6 h, 4 days or until ICU discharge | Data not shown | hospital mortality, SOFA scores, vasopressor duration ↓ | Marik et al., 2017 | |
| Critically ill | Standard/standard + Ve + Vc | 294/301 | 1 g every 8 h, 28 days or until ICU discharge | 102 ~ 160 | Multiple organ failure↓ mechanical ventilation duration↓ ICU stay length↓ |
Nathens et al., 2002 |
| Standard/standard + NAC + Vc | 32/35 | 3 g/24 h, >10 days, until ICU discharge or death | Data not shown | lipid peroxidation↑ APACHE II score, sepsis incidence, mortality rate, oxidative stress↓ |
Sandesc et al., 2018 | |
| ARDS | Norepinephrine vancomycin piperacillin/tazobactam + Vc | 1 | 50 mg/kg/6 h, 4X2 | Data not shown | Inflammation ↓ alveolar fluid clearance↑ |
Bharara et al., 2016 |
| Vancomycin, piperacillin- Tazobactam levofloxacin + Vc | 1 | 0.2 g/kg/24 h, 7; 0.1 g/kg/24 h 8th day; 0.05 g/kg/24 h 9th day | Data not shown | completely recovered | Fowler III et al., 2017 | |
| Virus HCV EBV CHIKV Herpes zoster |
Antioxidative 7 oral + 4 IV preparations | 50 | 2 g oral tid 20 wks 10 g IV twice weekly | Data not shown | Histologic improvement ↑ ALT↑ viral load↓ | Melhem et al., 2005 |
| Vc | 35 | 7.5–50 g 1 or twice weekly, 24 ~ 243 | 5000 ~ 8800 | EBV EA IgG, EBV VCA IgM↓ | Mikirova and Hunninghake, 2014 | |
| Vc | 1 | 100 g/day, 2 | Data not shown | C-reactive protein ↓ All symptoms resolved | Gonzalez et al., 2014 | |
| basic analgesic and viral-static therapy + Vc | 2 | 15 g every other day, 12 | Data not shown | Neuropathic pain total remission, cutaneous lesions remission | Schencking et al., 2010 | |
| basic analgesic and viral-static therapy + Vc | 67 | 7.5 g 2–4 times/wk, 14 | Data not shown | pain scores, hemorrhagic lesions, and the number of efflorescences↓ | Schencking et al., 2012 | |
| Standard/standard + Vc | 42/45 | 5 g every other day, 6 | Data not shown | No change acute pain postherpetic neuralgia↓ |
Kim et al., 2016 | |
| Myomectomy | myomectomy /myomectomy + Vc | 50/52 | 2 g during surgery, 1 g post operation | Data not shown | blood loss, operation time, hospitalization days ↓ | Pourmatroud et al., 2012 |
| Saline/saline + Vc | 25/25 | 2 g during surgery | Data not shown | No change blood loss, operation time | Lee et al., 2016 | |
| Burn | RL/RL + Vc | 18/19 | 66 mg/kg/h, 1 | <540 | Resuscitation fluid volume, body weight gain, wound edema↓ | Tanaka et al., 2000 |
| RL/RL + Vc | 16/17 | 66 mg/kg/h, 1 | Data not shown | fluid requirements↓ urine output↑ | Kahn et al., 2011 | |
| Allergy | non-allergy + Vc/allergy +Vc | 70/19 | 7.5 g/h, 1h | Data not shown | Serum histamine concentration↓ | Hagel et al., 2013 |
NAC, n-acetylcysteine; Lo–Vc, low vitamin C group; Hi-Vc, high vitamin C group; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; HCV, hepatitis C virus; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus; EBV EA, EBV Early Antigen; EBV VCA, EBV viral capsid antigen; CHIKV, Chikungunya virus; RL, Ringer lactated solution; Vc, Vitamin C; Ve, Vitamin E; ↑ increase, ↓ decrease.