Table 1.
Sample characteristics.
| Sample characteristics | HT (high-level WM training; n = 20) | LT (low-level WM training; n = 20) | CG (passive control group; n = 20) | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male/female | 10/10 | 9/11 | 9/11 | χ2 = 0.13, n.s. |
| Age (mean, SD) | 67.8 (3.9) | 67.7 (3.1) | 67.5 (5.7) | F = 0.34, n.s. |
| Education level (n) | χ2 = 7.07, n.s. | |||
| <9 years | 1 | 3 | 2 | |
| 10–12 years | 5 | 11 | 6 | |
| >12 years | 14 | 6 | 12 | |
| Subjective everyday life functioning rated on a 3-point Likert scale (n) | χ2 = 2.85, n.s. | |||
| No complaints | 15 | 17 | 16 | |
| Complaints not impairing everyday life | 5 | 3 | 3 | |
| Impairments in everyday life | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Mood (Beck Depression Inventory: mean, SD) | 4.5 (3.2) | 4.7 (2.8) | 3.7 (2.9) | F = 0.666, n.s. |
| WM performance (Span Board backward: mean, SD) | 6.5 (1.1) | 7.6 (1.7) | 7.2 (1.6) | F = 2.796, n.s. |
WM, working memory; HT, high-level WM training group; LT, low-level WM training group; CG, control group.