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. 2015 Oct 20;5(22):5162–5176. doi: 10.1002/ece3.1683

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Conceptual diagram of how climate change may limit species’ geographical distribution based on direct or indirect effects of temperatures observed during the breeding season. Poleward range margins are expected to undergo facultative expansion. Equatorward range margins are expected to undergo obligatory retraction.