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. 2018 Apr 25;23(5):1004. doi: 10.3390/molecules23051004

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction between TCE and ligustrazine (n = 6). (A–C) The plasma CGRP, serum NO and ET levels in rats with migraine (induced by subcutaneously injected with 10 mg/kg nitroglycerin) after TCE (50.0 mg/kg) alone or treatment with ligustrazine (15.0 mg/kg). (D) Pharmacokinetic performance after a single oral dose of 15.0 mg/kg ligustrazine with or without TCE (or isoimperatorin, 50.0 mg/kg) treatment in rats. (E, F) IC50 of TCE, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin for inhibiting ligustrazine metabolism in human (or rat) liver microsomes. TCE: total coumarin extract of A. dahuricae, CGRP: calcitonin gene-related peptide, NO: nitric oxide, ET: endothelin. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01 vs. the control group; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, vs. the nitroglycerin group; +, presence; −, absence.