Fig. 1.

rhIL-35 significantly inhibited human osteoclastogenesis. As negative and positive controls, human CD14-positive monocytes were cultured with M-CSF alone during the first three days, and the adherent cells were then cultured with either M-CSF alone (A – negative control) or M-CSF and sRANKL (30 ng/ml) (B – positive control) for the last 10 days. The osteoclasts were then stained for the vitronectin receptor. In the test conditions, rhIL-35 (10, 30, 100 ng/ml) (C, D, E) was added to the culture medium at the same time of sRANKL addition for the last 10 days. Original magnification, 100×. F) rhIL-35 dose-dependently inhibited the number of osteoclasts. Data are expressed as mean ±SEM for triplicate cultures (*p < 0.05 vs. positive control)