Fig. 4.

rhIL-35 significantly decreased mRNA expression of RANK and FOS in pre-osteoclasts. Effect of rhIL-35 on preosteoclasts. Isolated human CD14-positive monocytes from three different donors were cultured with M-CSF (100 ng/ml) for three days, followed by addition of sRANKL (30 ng/ml) for 24 hours. rhIL-35 (100 ng/ml) was added at the same time as sRANKL in the test conditions. As a control, CD14-positive monocytes were cultured with only sRANKL for 24 hours. The mRNA expression of various proteins was evaluated by RT-PCR. Percentages of mRNA expression are shown. In each panel, the right bar represents pre-osteoclasts treated with rhIL-35, and the left bar represents pre-osteoclasts alone (*p < 0.05). The SEM of the left bar (without rhIL-35) is zero because we normalised the values of the pre-osteoclasts treated with rhIL-35 to pre-osteoclasts alone