Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 487 patients
| Baseline characteristics prior to hospitalization | n (%) |
|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD (years) | 61.7 ± 17.8 |
| Male gender | 221 (45.4%) |
| Mean length of hospital stay, days (±SD) | 14.5 ± 18.5 |
| Median length of hospital stay, days (range) | 10.0 (2.0–303.0) |
| Previous hospitalization | 211 (43.3%) |
| Transfer status | |
| From another hospital | 56 (11.5%) |
| From a long-term care facility | 6 (1.2%) |
| Underlying diseases | |
| Any underlying disease | 420 (86.2%) |
| Hypertension | 290 (59.6%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 184 (37.8%) |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 133 (27.3%) |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 97 (19.9%) |
| Chronic liver diseases | 88 (18.0%) |
| Chronic renal diseases | 64 (13.1%) |
| Chronic lung diseases | 63 (12.9%) |
| Malignancy | 87 (17.9%) |
| Solid malignancy | 75 (15.4%) |
| Hematologic malignancy | 12 (2.5%) |
| Hematologic diseases | 47 (9.7%) |
| Prior organ transplantation | 7 (1.4%) |
| Receipt of any immunosuppressive agent within 90 days | 75 (15.4%) |
| HIV infection | 16 (3.3%) |
| Previous antibiotic exposure within 90 days after hospitalization | |
| Any antibiotic | 148 (30.4%) |
| Penicillins | 19 (3.9%) |
| Cephalosporins | 60 (12.3%) |
| Carbapenems | 33 (6.8%) |
| Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors | 27 (5.5%) |
| Fluoroquinolones | 46 (9.4%) |
| Macrolides | 19 (3.9%) |
| Others | 42 (8.6%) |
| Previous use of indwelling catheters within 90 days | |
| Urinary catheter | 73 (15.0%) |
| Nasogastric tube | 45 (9.2%) |