Comparison of occupation frequency p as function of the unspecific dissociation rate constant µ1 between a promoter activated by a single TF (TF, red line), a promoter activated by a dimer formed on DNA (Dimer on DNA, blue line) and by a dimer formed in the nucleoplasm (Dimer in nucleoplasm, dashed blue line), when an inhibitory competitor of the TF is present (Competitor ζ1 = 1 s−1, yellow line) and when the competitor has a larger unspecific dissociation rate constant (Competitor ζ1 = 25 s−1, dashed yellow line). Simulation parameters are: N = 100, C = 100, B = 104, λ10 = Λ10 = 4·10−4 s−1, λ0 = Λ0 = 10−5 s−1, λ2 = Λ2 = 4 s−1, μ = 10−1 s−1, ζ = 10−3 s−1. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)