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. 2018 Aug 15;9:291. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00291

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Copyright © 2018 Shen, Gan, Zhang, Ma, Tang, Jiang, Li, Wang, Li, Che and Zhu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Analysis of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism. (A) DEGs involved in energy homeostasis. SIRT1, sirtuin 1; PGC1α, PPAR coactivator 1 alpha. (B) Expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis related genes. NRF1, nuclear respiratory factor 1; mtTFA, transcription factor A, mitochondrial. (C) The relative expression levels of mitochondrial genomic genes. ND3, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3; ND5, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5; COX2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II; ATP6, ATP synthase F0 subunit 6. (D) The expression levels of genes associated with the electron transport chain. NDUF, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit. (E) The ratio of AMP/ATP in livers. (F) The expression levels of ATP synthesis genes. ATP5A1, ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1; ATP5B, ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, beta polypeptide. (G) The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in livers. (H) The activity of CuZn-SOD in livers. (I) The activity of GR in livers. (J) The relative expressions of CuZn-SOD and GR genes. CuZn-SOD, Superoxide dismutase 1; GR, glutathione reductase. (K) Possible pathways of IUGR mediation of hepatic energy metabolism and oxidative stress in adulthood. Data are means ± SD. Statistical significance was calculated by one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (n = 3 per individual). ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01.