Fig 11. Overall structure of the full nested model.

Parasites are continually transmitted from humans to mosquitoes and vice versa; dynamics of infections in humans are modeled using a system of ODEs, while infections in mosquitoes are tracked as they progress through a latent period and become infective. The within-host model tracks infection dynamics over 24-hour intervals punctuated by daily “contact” between humans and mosquitoes, during which transmission of parasites occurs. Once parasites are transmitted from a mosquito to a human, their population dynamics are governed by the within-host model. ODE, ordinary differential equation.