Table 2. Cognition, subjective health and nutritional parameters of women, according to quartiles of gait speed and of hand grip strength.
| Women (n = 834) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gait speed (m/s) | Hand grip strength (Kgf) | |||||||||
| 1st quartile < 0.60 (n = 207) |
2nd quartile [0.60–0.81[ (n = 210) |
3rd quartile [0.81–1.04[ (n = 205) |
4th quartile ≥ 1.04 (n = 212) |
p | 1st quartile < 14.6 (n = 207) |
2nd quartile [14.6–17.7[ (n = 208) |
3rd quartile [17.7–21.8[ (n = 211) |
4th quartile ≥ 21.8 (n = 208) |
p | |
| Cognition and subjective health | ||||||||||
| Mini-Mental State Examination 1, n (%) | ||||||||||
| • without cognitive impairment | 182 (87.9) | 196 (93.3) | 194 (94.6) | 210 (99.1) | < 0.001 | 175 (84.5) | 193 (92.8) | 199 (94.3) | 206 (99.0) | < 0.001 |
| • with cognitive impairment | 25 (12.1) | 14 (6.7) | 11 (5.4) | 2 (0.9) | 32 (15.5) | 15 (7.2) | 12 (5.7) | 2 (1.0) | ||
| Number of chronic diseases, mean (SD) | 4.6 (1.9) | 4.3 (2.3) | 4.3 (2.0) | 3.9 (2.1) | 0.031 | 4.6 (2.1) | 4.5 (2.1) | 4.2 (2.2) | 3.8 (1.9) | 0.005 |
| Nutritional parameters | ||||||||||
| Body mass index 2, n (%) | ||||||||||
| • normal | 22 (10.6) | 25 (11.9) | 29 (14.1) | 38 (17.9) | 0.001 | 34 (16.4) | 27 (13.0) | 28 (13.3) | 25 (12.0) | 0.156 |
| • overweight | 82 (39.6) | 68 (32.4) | 85 (41.5) | 103 (48.6) | 77 (37.2) | 75 (36.1) | 90 (42.6) | 96 (46.2) | ||
| • obesity | 103 (49.8) | 117 (55.7) | 91 (44.4) | 71 (33.5) | 96 (46.4) | 106 (50.9) | 93 (44.1) | 87 (41.8) | ||
| Vitamin D status, n (%) | ||||||||||
| • adequacy (≥ 50.0 nmol/L 25(OH)D) | 31 (15.0) | 54 (25.7) | 64 (31.2) | 81 (38.2) | < 0.001 | 39 (18.8) | 52 (25.0) | 62 (29.4) | 63 (30.3) | < 0.001 |
| • at risk of inadequacy (30.0–49.9 nmol/L 25(OH)D) | 40 (19.3) | 54 (25.7) | 65 (31.7) | 67 (31.6) | 35 (16.9) | 66 (31.7) | 57 (27.0) | 68 (32.7) | ||
| • at risk of deficiency (< 30.0 nmol/L 25(OH)D) | 136 (65.7) | 102 (48.6) | 76 (37.1) | 64 (30.2) | 133 (64.3) | 90 (43.3) | 92 (43.6) | 77 (37.0) | ||
1 Participants were considered to have no cognitive impairment with a score above 15 if they had no formal schooling, above 22 if they had ≤ 11 years of education and above 27 if they had > 11 years of education [40].
2 Using World Health Organization cut-off points [42]. Values shown in parentheses refer to SD or to column percentage number; p values are relative to the differences between quartiles. Abbreviation: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; SD, standard deviation.