Table 7. Multinomial logistic regressions of association between vitamin D status and quartiles of gait speed and of hand grip strength, in women.
| Gait speed | ||||||
|
1st
quartile < 0.60 m/s |
2nd
quartile [0.60–0.81 [m/s |
3rd
quartile [0.81–1.04 [m/s |
||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI) |
|
| Vitamin D status | ||||||
|
Adequacy ≥50.0 nmol/L 25(OH)D |
1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
At risk of inadequacy 30.0–49.9 nmol/L 25(OH)D |
1.56 (0.88–2.76) |
1.03 (0.49–2.14) |
1.21 (0.74–1.99) |
1.09 (0.52–1.73) |
1.23 (0.77–1.97) |
1.03 (0.61–1.76) |
|
At risk of deficiency <30.0 nmol/L 25(OH)D |
5.55** (3.34–9.24) |
2.72* (1.37–5.41) |
2.39** (1.50–3.81) |
1.52 (0.84–2.77) |
1.50 (0.94–2.40) |
1.14 (0.65–2.01) |
| Hand grip strength | ||||||
|
1st
quartile < 14.6 Kgf |
2nd
quartile [14.6–17.7 [Kgf |
3rd
quartile [17.7–21.8 [kgf |
||||
| Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI) |
Crude OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted 1 OR (95% CI) |
|
| Vitamin D status | ||||||
|
Adequacy ≥50.0 nmol/L 25(OH)D |
1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
|
At risk of inadequacy 30.0–49.9 nmol/L 25(OH)D |
1.02 (0.58–1.78) |
1.04 (0.24–1.09) |
1.44 (0.88–2.34) |
1.07 (0.41–1.33) |
1.04 (0.64–1.69) |
1.05 (0.31–1.07) |
|
At risk of deficiency <30.0 nmol/L 25(OH)D |
4.17** (2.56–6.79) |
1.56 (0.81–3.00) |
2.12** (1.31–3.41) |
1.09 (0.52–1.84) |
1.81* (1.14–2.88) |
1.11 (0.62–1.99) |
Reference categories: the 4th quartile of gait speed (≥ 1.04 m/s) and the 4th quartile of hand grip strength (≥ 21.8 Kgf) are the reference categories and therefore they are not presented in the table.
* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.001: p values for multinomial logistic regression analyses.
1 Adjusted for age (continuous), education (categorical), body mass index (categorical), alcoholic beverages consumption (dichotomous), physical activity (continuous), cognitive performance (dichotomous), number of chronic diseases (continuous), skin phenotype (categorical), season of blood sample collection (dichotomous) and use of vitamin D supplements (categorical). Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; CI, confidence intervals; OR, odds ratio.