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editorial
. 2018 Aug 15;13:4699–4709. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S170564

Table 4.

Optimal delivery of 3BP to special sites and chosen types of tumors

Tumor examples Suggested 3BP treatment options Rationale
Gliomas • 3BP may better be coated in liposomes and administered intravenously
• Intranasal perillyl alcohol–drug conjugate (3BP is suggested) may be promising for nasal administration for treating gliomas36,37
• To cross the BBB
• To achieve a direct nose-to-brain transport of anticancer agents and to support enhanced penetration of the BBB
Hepatoma • Liposomal 3BP formulations, PEG-3BP or 3BP stealth liposomes can be given intravenously
• Liposomal 3BP can also be given through transarterial catheter chemoembolization for specific tumor tissue delivery
• For better 3BP delivery
• For better 3BP delivery
Bronchogenic carcinoma • Intravenous liposomal 3BP formulations
• In diffuse non-resectable tumor masses in the lungs or bronchi, liposomal 3BP formulations may be tried by inhalation in aerosolized vapor38
• Intranasal delivery of perillyl alcohol–3BP conjugate may achieve direct nose-to-brain transport of anticancer agents39
• For better 3BP delivery
• For better 3BP delivery
• For better 3BP delivery
• Intranasal perillyl alcohol–drug conjugate was effective with many drugs
Gastrointestinal tumors Intravenous liposomal 3BP formulations
• In diffuse non-resectable gastric tumor masses, oral liposomal 3BP formulations (better contained inside capsule drug formulations) may be tried
• Liposomal 3BP formulations may be applied to intestinal and colonic tumors
• For better 3BP delivery
• For better 3BP delivery, liposomes are processed for specific oral delivery of chemotherapeutics, dietary and nutritional supplements40
• For better 3BP delivery
• 3BP formulations may come in contact with the tumor tissue locally
Bone tumors and rhabdomyosarcoma • Systemic 3BP administration using intravenous liposomal 3BP formulations
• Local 3BP application (injection) by orthopedic surgeons or topical 3BP cream may be helpful in bringing a large percentage of the tumor mass to 3BP
• For better 3BP delivery
• For better 3BP delivery
Nasopharyngeal tumors • Intravenous liposomal 3BP formulations
• In diffuse non-resectable tumor masses in the lungs or bronchi, liposomal 3BP formulations may be tried by inhalation in aerosolized vapor38
• Intranasal delivery of perillyl alcohol–3BP may achieve direct transport of anticancer agents39
For better 3BP delivery

Abbreviations: 3BP, 3-Bromopyruvate; BBB; blood-brain barrier; PEG, polyethylene glycol.