Table 2.
Summary of Potential Action Mechanism of PEITC in Relation to Its Apoptosis-inducing Ability Against Various Cell Lines
| Action mechanism | Cell lines/ animal model | References |
|---|---|---|
| a. Cell cycle arrest | ||
| G0/G1arrest and increase of p21 protein | DU-14 cells, Human prostate cancer | Chiao et al., 2000 |
| G0/G1arrest and increase of p21 protein | LNCaP cells, Human prostate cancer | Chiao et al., 2000 |
| G2/M phase arrest and decrease in Bcl-2 and, Bcl-X(L) | PC-3 cells, Human prostate cancer | |
| G2/M phase arrest | Hela cells | Hasegawa et al., 1993 |
| G2phase arrest, induction of CDK inhibitor p21waf1/cip1 | Caco-2 cells, human colon cancer | Visanji et al., 2004 |
| G2/M phase arrest | PC-3, Human prostate cancer | Xiao et al., 2004 |
| b. Oxidative stress | ||
| Depletion of glutathione (GSH) | Ovarian epithelial cells | Trachootham et al., 2006 |
| c. Induction of apoptosis | ||
| Induced p53 independent apoptotic pathway | PC-3 cells, Human prostate cancer | Xiao and Singh, 2002 |
| Activation of JNK, ERK and p38 | HT-29, human colon cells | Hu et al., 2003 |
| Activation of JNK | Various of cell lines | Chen et al., 1998; 2002 |
| ROS mediated apoptosis | PC-3 cells, Human prostate cancer | Xiao et al., 2006 |
| Inhibition of angiogenesis | HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells | Xu et al., 2005 |