Table 1.
Identity elements in E. coli tRNA vs human mitochondrial tRNA vs. human cytosolic tRNA.
| Amino acid | E. coli | Human Mitochondria | Human cytosol | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leucine | A73 | A73 | A73 | Breitschopf (1994) [50] |
| U8.A14 | U8.A14 | Breitschopf (1995) [115] | ||
| Serine | G73 | A73 (Ser1) or G73 (Ser2) | Achsel (1993) [51] | |
| C72 | C72 (Ser1) or U72 (Ser2) | Breitschopf (1995) [115] | ||
| G2:C71 | A2:U71 | A2:U71 | ||
| A3:U70 | G3:C70 (Ser1) or A3:U70 (Ser2) | C11:G24 | ||
| C11:G24 | Δ11:24 (Ser1) or A11:U24 (Ser2) | |||
| R4:Y69 | A4:U69 | |||
| Proline | A73 | A73 | Stehlin (1998) [52] | |
| G72 | G72 | |||
| G35, G36 | G35, G36 | |||
| G15.C48 | A15.U48 | G15:C48 | ||
| Glycine | U73 | A73 | A73 | Hipps (1995) [53] |
| G1:C72 | A1:U72 | G1:C72 | ||
| C2:G71 | C2:G71 | |||
| G3:C70 | U3:A70 | G3:C70 | ||
| C35, C36 | C35, C36 | |||
| Phenylalanine | A73 | A73 | Nazarenko (1992) [54] | |
| G34 | G34 | |||
| A35 | A35 | |||
| A36 | A36 | |||
| G27:C43 | A27:U43 | U27:A43 | ||
| G28:C42 | U28.U42 | U28:A42 | ||
| U20, | U20 | G20 | ||
| G44 | A44 | A44 | ||
| U45 | G45 | G45 | ||
| U59 | A59 | U59 | ||
| U60 | U60 | C60 | ||
| Alanine | A73 | A73 | Hou (1989) [116] | |
| G2:C71 | A2:U71 or G2:C71 | |||
| G3.U70 | G3:C70 | G3:U70 | ||
| G4:C69 | G4:C69 | |||
| G20 | A20 or U20 | D20(D= A, G, or U) |
Table 1. E. coli tRNA identity elements shown to be divergent from human mitochondrial tRNA were further screened for divergence from human cytosolic tRNA identity elements. Conserved identity elements are shown in black. Identity elements in human mitochondrial or cytosolic tRNAs that diverge from those in E. coli are shown in blue. E. coli identity elements divergent from both human mitochondrial and cytosolic identity elements are shown in red. Identity elements in E. coli were determined biochemically as described by Giegé et al37. Corresponding mitochondrial tRNA residues in H. sapien were identified using the mitotRNAdb database (http://trnadb.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de) [117]. Identity elements for H. sapien cytosolic tRNAs were determined biochemically, as detailed in the references provided. For positions where identity element positions identified in E. coli were not biochemically shown to affect aminoacylation in human cytosolic protein variants, the corresponding nucleotide at the homologous position is listed.