Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of the AA-DHS cohort
| Variable | All | vBMD<150.3 | 150.3<vBMD<191.8 | vBMD>191.8 | P-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Q2 (Q1, Q3) | N | Q2 (Q1, Q3) | N | Q2 (Q1, Q3) | N | Q2 (Q1, Q3) | ||
| Age, years | 675 | 56.0 (50.0, 63.0) | 210 | 62.0 (57.0, 68.0) | 209 | 55.0 (50.0, 61.0) | 210 | 51.0 (45.0, 57.0) | 5.0×10−28 |
| Female, % | 675 | 57.9% | 210 | 59.0% | 209 | 53.6% | 210 | 57.6% | 0.51 |
| Age at diagnosis, years | 674 | 46.0 (39.0, 53.0) | 210 | 50.0 (43.0, 57.0) | 208 | 45.0 (40.0, 52.0) | 210 | 42.0 (36.0, 49.0) | 1.0 ×10−12 |
| African ancestry proportion, % | 672 | 77.4 (65.5, 86.5) | 210 | 73.9 (60.4, 83.9) | 207 | 79.0 (68.3, 87.2) | 209 | 79.9 (69.1, 87.8) | 2.0 ×10−4 |
| Death, % | 675 | 17.3% | 210 | 23.3% | 209 | 14.8% | 210 | 10.5% | 0.001 |
| Follow-up time, years | 674 | 7.1 (5.9, 8.2) | 210 | 7.0 (5.7, 8.2) | 209 | 6.9 (5.9, 7.9) | 209 | 7.1 (6.1, 8.0) | 0.81 |
| Prior CVD, % | 675 | 28.7% | 210 | 33.3% | 209 | 31.1% | 210 | 25.2% | 0.17 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 674 | 33.4 (28.9, 38.8) | 210 | 31.3 (27.5, 36.6) | 209 | 34.0 (29.5, 39.2) | 209 | 34.5 (29.8, 40.3) | 4.0×10−5 |
| Current or former smoker | 672 | 59.5% | 210 | 67.1% | 208 | 65.4% | 209 | 48.8% | 1.0×10−4 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 640 | 133.8 (122.0, 147.0) | 201 | 137.0 (124.0, 150.0) | 198 | 134.0 (121.1, 147.9) | 198 | 129.5 (119.0, 143.8) | 0.003 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 640 | 78.0 (70.0, 84.5) | 201 | 75.5 (68.0, 82.0) | 198 | 78.5 (70.0, 85.0) | 198 | 78.0 (71.0, 85.0) | 0.02 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 669 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 209 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 206 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.2) | 208 | 1.0 (0.8, 1.1) | 0.24 |
| CKD EPI eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 669 | 85.0 (67.6, 103.0) | 209 | 80.4 (65.4, 95.6) | 206 | 85.0 (68.9, 105.1) | 208 | 90.1 (72.9, 111.5) | 1.0×10−4 |
| GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2, % | 669 | 15.1% | 209 | 18.2% | 206 | 15.5% | 208 | 9.6% | 0.04 |
| ACR, mg/g | 659 | 14.4 (5.0, 54.5) | 206 | 16.6 (5.7, 67.3) | 202 | 13.2 (5.2, 44.3) | 205 | 15.3 (5.0, 52.9) | 0.36 |
| ACR > 300 mg/g, % | 659 | 9.1% | 206 | 10.2% | 202 | 5.9% | 205 | 9.8% | 0.25 |
| CAC plaque, HU | 661 | 49.5 (2.0, 617.5) | 205 | 215.0 (9.0, 1551.5) | 206 | 39.5 (1.0, 497.4) | 209 | 18.0 (1.0, 138.5) | 2.0×10−8 |
| Hemoglobin A1c, % | 659 | 7.7 (6.7, 9.2) | 204 | 7.7 (6.7, 8.9) | 205 | 7.7 (6.7, 9.1) | 206 | 7.8 (6.7, 9.6) | 0.84 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 572 | 0.4 (0.2, 1.0) | 181 | 0.3 (0.2, 0.8) | 182 | 0.5 (0.2, 1.1) | 187 | 0.6 (0.2, 1.1) | 0.003 |
| Use of statins, % | 673 | 44.6% | 209 | 52.2% | 209 | 40.7% | 209 | 44.5% | 0.06 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dl | 662 | 46.0 (39.0, 54.0) | 206 | 47.5 (40.0, 56.0) | 203 | 45.0 (37.5, 52.0) | 207 | 44.0 (38.5, 54.0) | 0.02 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dl | 648 | 106.0 (84.0, 131.2) | 204 | 97.5 (76.8, 123.0) | 197 | 110.0 (88.0, 135.0) | 201 | 108.0 (86.0, 132.0) | 0.009 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 662 | 104.0 (78.0, 147.0) | 206 | 104.0 (76.0, 145.8) | 203 | 110.0 (80.5, 156.0) | 207 | 102.0 (79.5, 141.5) | 0.4 |
| Lumbar vBMD, mg/cm3 | 629 | 170.6 (140.3, 205.3) | 210 | 129.3 (113.2, 140.2) | 209 | 170.6 (159.6, 181.3) | 210 | 220.1 (205.3, 239.9) | NA |
| Thoracic vBMD, mg/cm3 | 666 | 194.2 (160.4, 226.3) | 210 | 149.9 (130.0, 166.1) | 209 | 194.7 (179.4, 207.7) | 208 | 245.3 (224.1, 273.3) | 1.0 ×10−122 |
| Vertebral fractures, % | 675 | 11.0% | 176 | 13.8% | 173 | 11.5% | 190 | 9.0% | 0.31 |
CVD=Cardiovascular Disease, CAC=Coronary Artery Calcification, HU=Hounsfield Units, vBMD=Volumetric BMD, N=sample size.