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. 2018 Aug 21;8:12519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31089-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Co-assembled nanofiber vaccines bearing Mtb-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes stimulate robust recall responses. In mice vaccinated with co-assembled nanofibers of TB10.4-Ag85B (CD8-CD4) or ESAT6-Ag85B (CD8-CD4), stimulation with TB10.4, ESAT6, or Ag85B (lymphocytes isolated from popliteal lymph node 90 days post immunization) leads to increased numbers of CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ, compared to mice vaccinated with TB10.4-ESAT6 (CD8-CD8) nanofibers (A). No differences in numbers of IL-2 producing CD8+ T cells were observed in mice vaccinated with TB10.4-Ag85B or ESAT6-Ag85B nanofibers when stimulated with TB10.4 or ESAT6. A significant increase in numbers of IL-2+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells was observed following stimulation with Ag85B, suggesting activation of antigen-specific helper function by Ag85B-specific CD4+ T cells. The increase in IL-2+ CD8+ T cells was also significantly higher when TB10.4 was co-delivered with Ag85B compared to ESAT6 (C). N = 5 mice per group and ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05 by two way ANOVA using Bonferroni post hoc test. Calculated p-values are compared to naïve control for each stimulation.