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. 2018 Aug 21;8:12519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31089-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Pam2Cys-KFE8 nanofibers augment the antigen presenting cell function of dendritic cells. DCs were derived from bone marrow and treated for 24 h with BSA (mock), Pam2Cys (TLR2), NF (KFE8), NF and Pam2Cys (KFE8 + TLR2) or NF conjugated to Pam2Cys (TLR2-KFE8). (A) Flow cytometric analysis of a representative DC culture, and (B) summarized flow cytometry data from 3 animals, demonstrates that NF alone do not activate DCs while inclusion of a TLR2 agonist markedly increases expression of markers (CD80, CD86, and MHC II) associated with enhanced APC function. (C) Production of soluble cytokines, measured by ELISA, in DC culture supernatants demonstrate a TLR-2 dependent increase in IL-6 and IL-12 and suggest that direct conjugation of NF to Pam2Cys enhance these effects. Statistically significant differences compared to mock are indicated by, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 by ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test. Similarly, # indicates differences between individual treatment groups.