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. 2018 Aug 21;8:12519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31089-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Co-assembled nanofibers of TB10.4 and TLR2 agonist increase the frequency of polyfunctional CD8+/CD3+ T cells. Schematic shows co-assembly of of TLR-KFE8 and TB10.4-KFE8 into single formulation with a representative electron micrograph (A). Lymphocytes were isolated from mediastinal lymph nodes lungs post immunization (foot pad prime and intranasal boost) and stimulated with TB10.4 peptide for 6 hours to induce cytokine expression. Total percentage for each cytokine IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 from the total population of CD8+/CD3+ T cells is shown. (B) Total percentage of single, double, or triple cytokine positive cells from all cytokine positive cells in the presence or absence of Pam2Cys-KFE8 is shown in panel (C). Multifunctional cell populations are significantly higher when Pam2Cys-KFE8 is co-assembled with TB10.4-KFE8. Pie charts are indicate the mean percentages of IFN-γ+ cells that also expressed IL-2, and TNF-α (D). N = 4 per group (B–D), *p < 0.05 by ANOVA using Tukey post hoc comparison.