Figure 2.

Adoptive transfer of CD8⁺CD103⁺ T_RM cells for cancer immunotherapy. CD8⁺CD103⁺ T_RM cells, suspected to express tumor-reactive T-cell receptors, are isolated from tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), amplified ex vivo in the presence of T-cell growth factors, including IL-2, and then reinjected into cancer patients, in combination or not with immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-programmed cell death-1, to reverse T-cell exhaustion and optimize the antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte response.