Table 1.
Distribution of vigilance states during the 24 h after drug administration.
| NLS-4 (N = 8) | Vehicle (N = 8) | Modafinil (N = 8) | Vehicle (N = 8) | NLS-4 vs. Modafinil | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P | ||||||
| Sleep latency after drug injection | 208.18 ± 12.99***a | 55.92 ± 11.52 | 178.25 ± 12.59***a | 56.18 ± 9.82 | <0.05b | |
| NREM | Light | 254.41 ± 21.16***c | 342.02 ± 22.67 | 292.73 ± 29.86***c | 337.76 ± 23.06 | <0.05d |
| Dark | 174.86 ± 49.90 | 158.50 ± 37.10 | 206.81 ± 32.70**c | 178.94 ± 28.13 | nsd | |
| REM | Light | 40.67 ± 6.94**c | 49.84 ± 6.14 | 41.41 ± 10.42**c | 45.74 ± 11.23 | <0.05d |
| Dark | 21.88 ± 10.12*c | 16.71 ± 7.67 | 20.95 ± 5.95***c | 14.29 ± 7.85 | nsd | |
| Wake | Light | 223.30 ± 37.57**c | 273.37 ± 19.28 | 226.21 ± 52.35**c | 285.73 ± 25.42 | nsd |
| Dark | 523.25 ± 58.66 | 544.79 ± 44.03 | 490.26 ± 35.98 | 525.83 ± 34.54 | nsd | |
| NREM sleep loss | Light | −87.61 ± 36.78 | −45.04 ± 19.96 | <0.05d | ||
| Dark | −71.25 ± 23.55 | −17.17 ± 51.43 | <0.05d | |||
| REM sleep loss | Light | −9.18 ± 3.88 | −4.33 ± 4.37 | <0.05d | ||
| Dark | −4.23 ± 1.50 | 2.32 ± 6.33 | <0.01 |
All values are mean ± SD.
*
P < 0.05,
**
P < 0.01,
***
P < 0.001.
a
Paired t-test.
b
t-test.
c
2-way repeated measures ANOVA.
d
2-way ANOVA, ns: non-significant. NREM and REM sleep losses correspond to the differences of accumulated sleep between drugs and their respective vehicles at the end of the light and dark period.