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. 2018 Aug 15;9:1896. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01896

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Copyright © 2018 Fournier and Poole.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypothetical rooted archaeal tree including Asgard and eukaryotes, consistent with a “2-Domain” topology. With this rooting, the Asgard + Eukarya clade is nested within Archaea, i.e., the last common ancestor of all Archaea (excluding Asgard) is also the last common ancestor of Eukarya and Asgard. As such, Asgard + Eukarya constitute a clade of unequal taxonomic rank to Archaea. Note that the scenarios in Figures 2, 3 only differ in the placement of the root, not in the topology of the tree or mapping of the characters.