Table 5.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with the adherence to insulin, trust in physician, and PAID scores
| Variable | Trust in physician score | PAID score | Adherence score |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||
| Male | 71.43 ± 19.58 | 28.11 ± 22.75* | 78.40 ± 20.66 |
| Female | 75.23 ± 21.11 | 37.27 ± 21.27* | 80.97 ± 19.28 |
| Sedentary lifestyle | |||
| No | 74.28 ± 20.67 | 30.96 ± 21.53* | 81.96 ± 18.16* |
| Yes | 68.29 ± 18.33 | 42.38 ± 25.04* | 67.41 ± 24.77* |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 74.77 ± 19.17 | 30.44 ± 20.30 | 81.90 ± 15.85 |
| Rural | 71.71 ± 21.71 | 35.35 ± 24.47 | 77.18 ± 23.66 |
| Working status | |||
| No | 74.08 ± 20.35 | 32.24 ± 21.93 | 79.52 ± 20.57 |
| Yes | 71.67 ± 20.59 | 33.96 ± 23.72 | 80.10 ± 18.65 |
| Family history of diabetes | |||
| No | 73.83 ± 21.83 | 29.71 ± 24.12 | 84.77 ± 16.19** |
| Yes | 73.15 ± 19.87 | 34.01 ± 21.67 | 77.63 ± 21.01** |
| Concomitant use of oral antidiabetics | |||
| No | 73.66 ± 19.11 | 33.44 ± 23.12 | 78.96 ± 16.88 |
| Yes | 73.21 ± 21.01 | 32.45 ± 22.21 | 80.02 ± 21.22 |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 73.49 ± 21.41 | 30.95 ± 20.98 | 80.48 ± 19.43 |
| Divorced/widowed | 78.11 ± 17.77 | 38.75 ± 25.97 | 78.12 ± 26.25 |
| Single | 67.55 ± 16.19 | 36.47 ± 25.83 | 77.08 ± 15.42 |
| Educational level | |||
| Illiterate | 78.66 ± 20.91* | 33.05 ± 26.05 | 73.26 ± 28.80** |
| Primary | 77.59 ± 20.16* | 30.65 ± 19.54 | 82.75 ± 17.58** |
| Secondary | 62.50 ± 19.60* | 40.52 ± 25.45 | 74.51 ± 18.38** |
| University | 71.88 ± 18.46* | 30.11 ± 22.02 | 81.96 ± 18.47** |
| Cigarette consumption per day | |||
| Non-smoker | 74.89 ± 18.83 | 37.01 ± 23.94** | 79.63 ± 20.54 |
| 1–14 cigarettes | 67.04 ± 27.97 | 31.69 ± 24.21** | 80.35 ± 16.95 |
| 15+ cigarettes | 71.72 ± 22.59 | 25.45 ± 21.59** | 76.37 ± 22.50 |
| Former smoker | 74.28 ± 18.03 | 30.54 ± 17.76** | 82.12 ± 18.29 |
| Waterpipe consumption per week | |||
| Non-smoker | 74.17 ± 20.33 | 30.67 ± 21.67* | 80.62 ± 18.79** |
| Below 3 | 59.74 ± 25.02 | 55.35 ± 21.49* | 60.26 ± 33.20** |
| 3 or more | 74.14 ± 21.89 | 48.12 ± 20.53* | 81.64 ± 23.17** |
| Former smoker | 73.18 ± 15.29 | 27.37 ± 21.35* | 81.56 ± 13.53** |
| Weekly alcohol consumption | |||
| Non-drinker | 73.74 ± 21.08 | 33.24 ± 21.73 | 81.51 ± 19.08 |
| Up to one time | 74.91 ± 18.87 | 31.34 ± 24.91 | 75.72 ± 21.51 |
| More than one time | 64.89 ± 22.87 | 36.66 ± 26.85 | 72.57 ± 24.98 |
| Former drinker | 73.10 ± 9.89 | 25.41 ± 17.35 | 79.16 ± 18.39 |
| Total daily dose of insulin | |||
| Delivery device | |||
| Pen | 73.49 ± 19.83 | 32.96 ± 22.11 | 80.22 ± 18.76 |
| Vial | 71.88 ± 22.63 | 30.74 ± 23.42 | 77.54 ± 24.69 |
| Both | 97.72 ± 0.00 | 65.00 ± 0.00 | 81.25 ± 0.00 |
| Types of insulin | |||
| One | 73.24 ± 20.72 | 33.23 ± 22.36 | 78.98 ± 21.24 |
| Two | 72.88 ± 19.23 | 29.67 ± 22.33 | 82.36 ± 14.51 |
| Three | 97.72 ± 0.00 | 65.00 ± 0.00 | 81.25 ± 0.00 |
*p < 0.05; **p > 0.05 but < 0.2