Table 3.

Insulins available in East Africa

Generic	Brand	Manufacturer	Form	Onset	Peak	Duration	Availability delivery	Storage
NPH	Insulatard	Novo Nordisk	Human	1–3 h	4–8 h	12–16 h	10 mL vial, 3 mL penfill (5/box)	Refrigerate: 2–8 °C, use within 6 weeks if below 25 °C, and 4 weeks if below 30 °C
	Insugen N	Biocon
	Humulin N	Eli Lilly
	Wosulin N	Wockhardt
	Biosulin L	MJ Biopharm
Regular	Actrapid	Novo Nordisk	Human	30–60 min	2–4 h	5–8 h	10 mL vial, 3 mL penfill (5/box)	Refrigerate: 2–8 °C, use within 6 weeks if below 25 °C, and 4 weeks if below 30 °C
	Insugen R	Biocon
	Humulin R	Eli Lilly
	Wosulin R	Wockhardt
	Biosulin R	MJ Biopharm
Lispro	Humalog	Eli Lilly	Analogue	10–20 min	30–90 min	3–5 h	1 × 5 × 3 mL prefilled pen
Aspart	Novo Rapid	Novo Nordisk	Analogue	10–20 min	30–90 min	3–5 h	1 × 5 × 3 mL prefilled pen
Glargine	Lantus	Sanofi	Analogue	60–90 min	No peak (8–12 h not pronounced)	20–26 h	1 × 5 × 3 mL prefilled pen
	Basolog	Biocon					1 × 10 mL/1 × 3 mL vials
Detemir	Levemir	Novo Nordisk	Analogue	60–90 min	20–26 (17.5 h reported)		1 × 5 × 3 mL prefilled pen
Degludec	Tresiba	Novo Nordisk	Analogue	30–90 min	No peak	42 h	1 × 5 × 3 mL prefilled pen	No refrigeration for 48 days
Premixed NPH/Regular	Mixtard 30/70	Novo Nordisk	Human	Dual-acting 30–60 min	Varies maximum effect 2–8 h	10–16 h	1 × 10 mL vials and 1 × 5 × 3 mL prefilled pens	Refrigerate: 2–8 °C, use within 6 weeks if below 25 °C, and 4 weeks if below 30 °C
	Insugen 30/70	Biocon	Human
	Humalog Mix 25	Eli Lilly	Human
	Humalog Mix 50	Eli Lilly	Human
	Wosulin 30/70	Wockhardt	Human
	Insuman Combo 30	Sanofi	Human
Aspart	NovoMix 30 (70% Protamine/30% Aspart)	Novo Nordisk	Analogue	5–15 min	Varies; ~ 1 to 4 h	10–16 h	1 × 5 × 3 mL prefilled pens	Store below 30 °C

Adopted from Uganda National Drug Authority (http://nda.or.ug/ug/register/3/Drug-Register.html), Kenya Pharmacy and Poisons Board (http://pharmacyboardkenya.org), Tanzania Food and Drug Authority (https://tfda.go.tz/portal/registered-products), Rwanda Ministry of Health (http://www.moh.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/AUTHORIZED_MEDICINES_AUGUST_2017.pdf), and product leaflets

NPH neutral protamine Hagedorn