Table 1.
Demographic and baseline characteristics for the individual GLP-1RA groups and the pooled GLP-1RA and non-GLP-1RA groups
| Patient characteristic | Treatment groups | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exenatide QW (n = 2096) | Exenatide BID (n = 606) | Liraglutide (n = 450) | GLP-1RAs (n = 3152) | Non-GLP-1RAs (n = 1443) | |
| Age (years) | 55.4 ± 10.3 | 55.5 ± 10.0 | 55.9 ± 9.6 | 55.5 ± 10.2 | 54.5 ± 10.7 |
| Male | 1192 (56.9) | 326 (53.8) | 245 (54.4) | 1763 (55.9) | 853 (59.1) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 1042 (49.7) | 173 (28.5) | 287 (63.8) | 1502 (47.7) | 789 (54.7) |
| Asian | 747 (35.6) | 344 (56.8) | 56 (12.4) | 1147 (36.4) | 429 (29.7) |
| Other | 255 (12.2) | 61 (10.1) | 104 (23.1) | 420 (13.3) | 173 (12.0) |
| Black | 52 (2.5) | 28 (4.6) | 3 (0.7) | 83 (2.6) | 52 (3.6) |
| Weight (kg) | 86.3 ± 20.7 | 82.8 ± 21.4 | 91.1 ± 19.1 | 86.3 ± 20.8 | 86.0 ± 19.2 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 5.8 | 30.0 ± 5.7 | 32.3 ± 5.4 | 30.9 ± 5.7 | 31.0 ± 5.5 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.5 ± 1.1 | 8.5 ± 1.1 | 8.4 ± 1.0 | 8.5 ± 1.1 | 8.5 ± 1.1 |
| Duration of T2DM (years) | 7.1 ± 5.6 | 7.8 ± 5.6 | 8.8 ± 6.5 | 7.4 ± 5.8 | 5.4 ± 5.4 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 75.0 ± 8.5 | 75.8 ± 8.7 | 75.2 ± 8.9 | 75.2 ± 8.6 | 74.5 ± 8.6 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 130.9 ± 14.6 | 129.9 ± 14.2 | 133.0 ± 13.3 | 131.0 ± 14.3 | 130.8 ± 15.5 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 78.9 ± 9.1 | 78.9 ± 9.0 | 79.6 ± 8.6 | 79.0 ± 9.0 | 79.6 ± 9.1 |
| Baseline antihypertensive medications | |||||
| Agents acting on RA system | 800 (38.2) | 123 (20.3) | 273 (60.7) | 1196 (37.9) | 486 (33.7) |
| β-Blockers | 278 (13.3) | 39 (6.4) | 115 (25.6) | 432 (13.7) | 173 (12.0) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 333 (15.9) | 80 (13.2) | 84 (18.7) | 497 (15.8) | 191 (13.2) |
| Diuretics | 232 (11.1) | 27 (4.5) | 70 (15.6) | 329 (10.4) | 172 (11.9) |
| Other antihypertensive agents | 60 (2.9) | 8 (1.3) | 12 (2.7) | 80 (2.5) | 49 (3.4) |
| Background glucose-lowering therapya | |||||
| Diet and exercise | 314 (15.0) | 46 (7.6) | 7 (1.6) | 367 (11.6) | 547 (37.9) |
| Metformin | 833 (39.7) | 159 (26.2) | 129 (28.7) | 1121 (35.6) | 664 (46.0) |
| Metformin + SU | 700 (33.4) | 273 (45.0) | 271 (60.2) | 1244 (39.5) | 141 (9.8) |
| Metformin + SU + TZD | 16 (0.8) | 12 (2.0) | 1 (0.2) | 29 (0.9) | 1 (< 0.1) |
| Metformin + TZD | 124 (5.9) | 32 (5.3) | 21 (4.7) | 177 (5.6) | 69 (4.8) |
| SU | 61 (2.9) | 48 (7.9) | 17 (3.8) | 126 (4.0) | 1 (< 0.1) |
| SU + TZD | 20 (1.0) | 17 (2.8) | 1 (0.2) | 38 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| TZD | 10 (0.5) | 11 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (0.7) | 1 (< 0.1) |
Data are presented as a number with the percentage in parenthesis or as the mean ± standard deviation
BID twice daily, BP blood pressure, bpm beats per minute, GLP-1RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, QW once weekly, RA renin–angiotensin, SU sulfonylurea, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, TZD thiazolidinedione
aBackground therapies used by < 1% of patients in all groups are not shown