TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics in bosentan monotherapy and bosentan/metformin combination therapy groups
| Bosentan | Bosentan/metformin | p-value# | |
| Patients n | 48 | 45 | |
| Age years | 32.5±13.2 | 28.6±10.4 | 0.119 |
| Females n (%) | 32 (66.7%) | 26 (57.8%) | 0.399 |
| BMI kg·m−2 | 22.4±5.4 | 23.6±6.4 | 0.331 |
| Heart defects n (%) | 0.663 | ||
| ASD | 7 (14.6%) | 5 (11.1%) | |
| VSD | 39 (81.2%) | 38 (84.4%) | |
| PDA | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.2%) | |
| TAPVR | 2 (4.2%) | 1 (2.2%) | |
| WHO functional class n (%) | 0.761 | ||
| II | 4 (8.3%) | 3 (6.7%) | |
| III | 44 (91.7%) | 42 (93.3%) | |
| 6MWD m | 315±125 | 329±122 | 0.586 |
| NT-proBNP ng·L−1 | 626±253 | 746±319 | 0.046 |
| Peak TRV m·s−1 | 3.5±0.7 | 3.9±1.2 | 0.051 |
| RA area cm2 | 30±8 | 33±9 | 0.092 |
| Mean PAP mmHg | 55±12 | 61±18 | 0.060 |
| RAP mmHg | 18±8 | 16±7 | 0.204 |
| PAWP mmHg | 8.9±3.3 | 8.8±3.6 | 0.889 |
| PVR index WU·m−2 | 6.8±0.9 | 6.6±0.9 | 0.287 |
| PVR/SVR ratio | 0.38±0.13 | 0.41±0.16 | 0.322 |
| Cardiac index L·min−1·m−2 | 2.2±0.3 | 2.3±0.2 | 0.635 |
| SvO2 | 68±9% | 70±9% | 0.287 |
Data are presented as mean±sd unless otherwise stated. BMI: body mass index; ASD: atrial septal defect; VSD: ventricular septal defect; PDA: patent ductus arteriosus; TAPVR: total anomalous pulmonary venous return; WHO: World Health Organization; 6MWD: 6-min walking distance; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; TRV: tricuspid regurgitation velocity; RA: right atrial; PAP: pulmonary arterial pressure; RAP: right atrial pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; WU: Wood unit; SVR: systemic vascular resistance; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation.#: Chi-squared test or t-test as appropriate.