Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Patient Characteristic (N = 177) | Value |
|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 68.7 (8.2) |
| Male sex, n (%) | 169 (96) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| Black/African American | 15 (9) |
| White | 142 (80) |
| Other/declined | 20 (11) |
| Symptom at presentation, n (%) | |
| Chest pain/cough/dyspnea | 58 (33) |
| Hemoptysis | 8(5) |
| Other | 5(3) |
| None | 106 (60) |
| ECOG PSa < 2, n (%) | 144 (81) |
| Family history of lung cancer, n (%) | 21 (12) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Current | 100 (57) |
| Former | 70 (40) |
| Never | 7 (4) |
| Pack yearsa, mean (SD) | 50.3 (26.6) |
| Respiratory comorbidities, n (%) | |
| COPD/asthma | 123 (69) |
| Any respiratory comorbidityc | 134 (76) |
| Cardiovascular comorbidities, n (%) | |
| CAD | 54 (31) |
| Arrhythmia | 23 (13) |
| HF | 19 (11) |
| Any cardiovascular comorbidityc | 136 (77) |
| Other cancer, n (%) | 56 (32) |
| Alcohol dependence, n (%) | 21 (12) |
| DM, n (%) | 36 (20) |
| CKD, n (%) | 17 (10) |
| SCS, mean (SD) | 10.1 (3.1) |
| SCS > 9, n (%) | 77 (44) |
| Psychiatric illness, n (%) | |
| Anxiety/Depression/PTSD | 49 (28) |
| Bipolar/Schizophrenia | 8 (5) |
| Any psychiatric illness | 57 (32) |
| Pulmonary function, mean (SD) | |
| FEV1/FVCa, % | 60.5 (14.8) |
| FEV1, % predicteda | 71.5 (23.0) |
| TLC, % predicteda | 107.3 (18.6) |
| DLCO % predicteda | 75.4 (22.0) |
| Ventilatory defectsb, n (%) | |
| Obstructive | 113 (64) |
| Restrictive | 9 (5) |
| DLCO limitation | 91 (51) |
| Lesion sizea, cm, mean (SD) | 2.8 (1.8) |
| Histology, n (%) | |
| Adenocarcinoma | 78 (44) |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 42 (24) |
| Small cell carcinoma | 10 (6) |
| Other or NSCLC, NOS | 17 (10) |
| Presumed | 30 (17) |
| Clinical stage, n (%) | |
| IA | 90 (51) |
| IB | 32 (18) |
| IIA | 13 (7) |
| IIB | 11 (6) |
| IIIA | 31 (18) |
| Primary treatment, n (%) | |
| Surgical resection | 59 (33) |
| SBRTd | 64 (36) |
| XRTd | 14 (8) |
| Chemoradiation | 40 (23) |
| Time to treatment | |
| All modalities | |
| TTT, days, median (IQR) | 35 (24–55) |
| Most TT, n (%) | 59 (33) |
| Least TT, n (%) | 136 (77) |
| Surgical resection | |
| TTT, days, median (IQR) | 36 (17–51) |
| Most TT, n (%) | 24 (41) |
| Least TT, n (%) | 46 (78) |
| SBRT/XRT | |
| TTT, days, median (IQR) | 42 (29–67) |
| Most TT, n (%) | 17 (22) |
| Least TT, n (%) | 54 (69) |
| Chemoradiation | |
| TTT, days, median (IQR) | 29 (21–36) |
| Most TT, n (%) | 18 (45) |
| Least TT, n (%) | 36 (90) |
CAD = coronary artery disease; CKD = chronic kidney disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DLCO = diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; DM = diabetes mellitus; ECOG PS = Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC = forced vital capacity; HF = heart failure; IQR = interquartile range; NOS = not otherwise specified; NSCLC = non-small cell lung cancer; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; SBRT = stereotactic body radiotherapy; SCS = simplified comorbidity score; SD = standard deviation; TT = timely treatment; TTT = time to treatment; TLC = total lung capacity; XRT = radiotherapy.
Missing value (n): ECOG PS (1), Pack years (2), FEV1/FVC (5), FEV1% predicted (5), TLC % predicted (57), DLCO % predicted (17), Lesion size(1).
Defined as FEV1/FVC < 0.7 for obstructive ventilatory defect, TLC % predicted < 80 for restrictive, and DLCO % predicted < 80 for DLCO limitation; missing values were assumed to be normal.
As defined by the SCS: for respiratory comorbidity, history of tuberculosis, pleural effusion or pneumonia, asthma, pulmonary embolism, chronic hypoxemia, and/or COPD (any); for cardiovascular comorbidity: congestive HF, CAD, severe valvular disease, arrhythmia requiring treatment, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, and/or peripheral vascular disease (any).
Grouped and analyzed as definitive radiation (SBRT/XRT).