Table 4.
Results from one-way ANOVA and two-sample t-tests.
| Readability assessment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abstracts | Full texts | |||
| Factors | AGLa | FRE scoreb | AGLa | FRE scoreb |
| Country | ||||
| United States | 17.0 (2.7) | 17.0 (12.8) | 14.4 (1.6)∗∗ | 30.8 (7.9)∗∗ |
| United Kingdom | 17.3 (2.3) | 14.9 (12.8) | 13.9 (1.6)∗∗ | 34.3 (8.0)∗∗ |
| Rest of the world | 17.5 (3.7) | 12.9 (19.4) | 14.1 (2.0)∗ | 32.7 (10.7)∗∗ |
| p = 0.779 | p = 0.535 | p = 0.338 | p = 0.209 | |
| Article type | ||||
| Experimental articles | 16.6 (3.3) | 17.8 (16.7) | 14.0 (1.8)∗∗ | 32.6 (8.7)∗∗ |
| Methodology papers | 17.1 (2.3) | 16.1 (11.5) | 13.8 (1.3)∗∗ | 34.5 (7.0)∗∗ |
| Reviews/meta-analyses | 18.5 (2.7) | 9.1 (13.7) | 16.0 (1.4)∗ | 23.2 (7.4)∗ |
| p = 0.085 | p = 0.121 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | |
| Journal type | ||||
| Neuroimaging | 17.6 (2.6) | 13.7 (13.1) | 14.2 (1.6)∗∗ | 31.8 (8.9)∗∗ |
| Others | 16.7 (3.0) | 17.8 (14.9) | 14.2 (1.8)∗∗ | 32.4 (8.3)∗∗ |
| p = 0.103 | p = 0.143 | p = 0.864 | p = 0.727 | |
Standard deviations in parentheses. Supplementary paired t-tests for full text versus abstracts: ∗p < 0.01, ∗∗p < 0.001. aAGL, Average reading grade level: ≤12 is high school level or below, 13–16 is college level, >16 is college graduate level. bFRE, Flesch Reading Ease scores: <30 is college graduate level, 30–50 is college level, >50 is high school level or below.