Table 3.
Logistic regression findings of factors affecting IF in patients with HIV infection, 2003–2015, Jimma, Ethiopia
| Variable | IF (n, %†) | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI): complete cases |
AOR (95% CI): multiple imputations |
|
| No | Yes | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||
| 15 to ≤25 | 488 (15.4) | 74 (9.5) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 25 to ≤50 | 2560 (80.9) | 674 (87) | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.3)* | 1.5 (1.2 to 2.4)* | 1.8 (1.7 to 2.1)* |
| 50+ | 116 (3.7) | 27 (3.5) | 1.5 (0.9 to 2.5) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.9) | 2.3 (1.9 to 2.7)* |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1488 (47) | 274 (35.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1676 (53) | 501 (64.6) | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.9)* | 1.8 (1.3 to 1.9)* | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8)* |
| Marital status | |||||
| Never married | 632 (23.3) | 152 (21.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Married | 1316 (48.5) | 357 (51.1) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.04 (0.0 to 1.1) | |
| Separated/divorced/ widowed |
766 (28.2) | 190 (27.2) | 1.03 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.9 (0.7 to 2.1) | |
| Educational status | |||||
| No education | 559 (20.5) | 145 (20.8) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 1089 (39.9) | 287 (41.1) | 1.01 (0.8 to 1.3) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.9) | 1.03 (0.9 to 1.1) |
| Secondary and above | 1084 (39.7) | 266 (38.1) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.2) | 0.7 (0.4 to 3.7) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) |
| Religion | |||||
| Muslim | 871 (32) | 239 (34.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Christian‡ | 1849 (68) | 453 (65.5) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.06) | 0.8 (0.7 to 1.9) | |
| Baseline WHO status | |||||
| Stage 1 or 2 | 842 (45.1) | 216 (46.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Stage 3 or 4 | 1027 (54.9) | 248 (53.4) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.2) | 1.7 (0.8 to 3.9) | |
| Baseline CD4 | |||||
| ≥200 cells/μL | 2558 (80.8) | 350 (45.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| <200 cells/μL | 606 (19.2) | 425 (54.8) | 5.1 (4.3 to 6.06)* | 5.5 (4.1 to 7.4)* | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.01) |
| Clinical failure | |||||
| No | 1493 (81.3) | 352 (80.5) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 343 (18.7) | 85 (19.5) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) | 2.8 (0.7 to 4.9) |
| HIV care presentation | |||||
| Early | 682 (36.5) | 99 (21.3) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Late | 1187 (63.5) | 365 (78.7) | 2.1 (1.7 to 2.7)* | 2.2 (1.6 to 2.7)* | 1.1 (1.01 to 1.2)* |
| Hx of TB/HIV coinfection | |||||
| No | 2229 (70.4) | 536 (69.2) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 935 (29.6) | 239 (30.8) | 1.06 (0.9 to 1.3) | 1.8 (0.7 to 4.9) | 1.08 (1.01 to 1.2)* |
| ART adherence | |||||
| Good | 2595 (82) | 648 (83.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Fair or poor | 569 (18) | 127 (16.4) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.9) | |
| Cotrimoxazole adherence | |||||
| Good | 2632 (83.5) | 639 (82.5) | 1 | ||
| Fair or poor | 521 (16.5) | 136 (17.5) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.2) | ||
| Baseline functional status | |||||
| Working or ambulatory | 1992 (68.1) | 549 (74.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Bedridden | 933 (31.9) | 186 (25.3) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.9)* | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.02) | |
| Hx of HIV testing | |||||
| Yes | 1793 (56.7) | 468 (60.4) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 1371 (43.3) | 307 (39.6) | 0.9 (0.7 to 1.0) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9)* | 0.8 (0.7 to 0.9)* |
| ART shift | |||||
| No | 2086 (98.9) | 500 (99.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 24 (1.1) | 4 (0.8) | 0.7 (0.2 to 2.01) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.03) | |
*Statistically significant at p≤0.05.
†Only valid percentage is considered.
‡Orthodox, protestant or catholic.
AOR, adjusted OR; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CD4, cluster for differentiation 4; COR, crude OR; IF, immunological failure; TB, tuberculosis.