Table 3.
Demographic information for study participants.
| Child ID | Age (years;months) | Gender | % Spanish input | % Spanish output | % English input | % English output | Socioeconomic status a | Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation score | Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment score | Total number of errors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TM01 b | 5;8 | F | 20.00% | 20.00% | 80.00% | 80.00% | 3 | 111 | 2 | |
| TM02 | 5;8 | F | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 3 | 109 | 6 | |
| TM03 | 5;7 | M | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 2 | 113 | 4 | |
| TM04 | 5;11 | F | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 5 | 107 | 9 | |
| TM05 | 5;11 | M | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 4 | 103 | 10 | |
| TM06 b | 6;2 | F | 29.00% | 29.00% | 71.00% | 71.00% | 2 | 110 | 4 | |
| TM07 | 5;8 | F | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 102 | 16 | |
| TM08 | 5;10 | F | 25.00% | 25.00% | 75.00% | 75.00% | 5 | 105 | 11 | |
| TM09 | 4;11 | M | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 113 | 10 | |
| TM10 | 3;7 | M | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 6 | 117 | 17 | |
| TM11 b | 5;5 | M | 26.00% | 26.00% | 73.00% | 73.00% | 2 | 110 | 16 | |
| TM12 | 4;11 | F | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 4 | 110 | 14 | |
| TM13 | 4;9 | F | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 117 | 8 | |
| TM14 | 5;6 | M | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 103 | 9 | |
| TM15 | 4;2 | M | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 5 | 113 | 7 | |
| TM16 | 3;9 | M | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 5 | 102 | 7 | |
| TB01 | 5;8 | F | 34.60% | 34.60% | 65.40% | 65.40% | 3 | 120 | 0 | |
| TB02 | 5;7 | F | 56.00% | 56.00% | 43.00% | 43.00% | 4 | 100 | 6 | |
| TB03 | 5;7 | F | 56.00% | 56.00% | 43.00% | 43.00% | 5 | 100 | 25 | |
| TB04 | 5;4 | M | 28.50% | 28.50% | 71.40% | 71.40% | 4 | 100 | 20 | |
| TB05 | 5;8 | M | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 115 | 9 | |
| TB06 | 5;9 | F | 48.00% | 48.00% | 52.00% | 52.00% | 3 | 115 | 3 | |
| TB07 | 5;5 | M | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 110 | 9 | |
| TB08 | 6;3 | F | 28.50% | 28.50% | 71.40% | 71.40% | 2 | 100 | 20 | |
| TB09 | 5;5 | F | 19.00% | 19.00% | 81.00% | 81.00% | 2 | 115 | 6 | |
| TB10 | 6;1 | F | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 90 | 16 | |
| TB11 | 5;0 | F | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 110 | 14 | |
| TB12 | 4;7 | M | 43.00% | 43.00% | 57.00% | 57.00% | 5 | 90 | 15 | |
| TB13 | 5;0 | M | 18.75% | 18.75% | 81.25% | 81.25% | 4 | 105 | 11 | |
| TB14 | 5;1 | F | 52.00% | 52.00% | 48.00% | 48.00% | 2 | 90 | 29 | |
| TB15 | 5;6 | F | 30.65% | 30.65% | 69.35% | 69.35% | 2 | 110 | 7 | |
| DM01 b | 3;3 | M | 25.00% | 25.00% | 75.00% | 75.00% | 5 | 94 | 74 | |
| DM02 | 6;6 | M | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 1 | 77 | 29 | |
| DM03 b | 5;0 | M | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 4 | 97 | 21 | |
| DM04 | 4;4 | M | 32.00% | 32.00% | 68.00% | 68.00% | 5 | 65 | 80 | |
| DM05 | 4;4 | F | 33.00% | 33.00% | 67.00% | 67.00% | 1 | 86 | 61 | |
| DM06 | 3;10 | F | 0.00% | 0.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% | 4 | 107 | 33 | |
| DB01 | 5;5 | M | 29.60% | 29.60% | 73.00% | 73.00% | 1 | 80 | 48 | |
| DB02 | 4;0 | F | 71.40% | 71.40% | 28.50% | 28.50% | 2 | 80 | 54 | |
| DB03 | 4;6 | M | 36.00% | 36.00% | 63.00% | 63.00% | 5 | 70 | 35 | |
| DB04 | 4;9 | F | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 80 | 47 | |
| DB05 | 4;4 | M | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 105 | 14 | |
| DB06 | 4;8 | F | 42.00% | 42.00% | 58.00% | 58.00% | 2 | 110 | 25 | |
| DB07 | 5;8 | M | 29.60% | 29.60% | 73.00% | 73.00% | 3 | 90 | 23 | |
| DB08 c | 5;4 | F | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | Unavailable | 105 | 2 |
Note. F = female; M = male; TM = typically developing monolingual; TB = typically developing bilingual; DM = monolingual child with speech sound disorder; DB = bilingual child with speech sound disorder.
a
Socioeconomic status levels (mother's level of education): 1 = less than high school; 2 = high school diploma; 3 = post–high school certification; 4 = some college; 5 = bachelor's degree; 6 = master's degree.
b
Functionally monolingual, even with Spanish exposure.
c
Child originally classified as “typical”; however, the statistician identified her as an outlier whose scores were patterning with the disordered group (e.g., PCC-R = 60%). Thus, she was recategorized into the group with disorders.