Table 1.

Case Reports of HIV Test Results of Men Who Have Sex With Men Who Acquired HIV Infection While Taking Tenofovir for Hepatitis Treatment or TDF/FTC for PrEP, US, Germany, Canada, and the Netherlands, 2017–2018

First Author of Case Report	HIV Tests Before PrEP Initiation	Time After Last Negative HIV Test	Antigen/Ab	Supplemental or Confirmatory Tests	Qualitative NAT	Quantitative NAT, Copies/mL	Antiretroviral Management	Resistance Mutations
Seroconversions on PrEP with ambiguous HIV test results
Knox [4]	Ag/Ab-nonreactive	3 mo	Reactive	Negative WB		28 000 copies (3 mo + 7 d)	TDF/FTC for PrEP, darunavir, ritonavir, raltegravir added for treatment regimen at 3 mo + 4 d	41l, 67G, 69D, 70R, 184V, 215E, 181C, 10L, 51Y, 92Q
Markowitz [5]	Ag/Ab-nonreactive, qualitative NAT–nonreactive	19 wk	Reactive	Nonreactive multispot	Reactive	Not detected	TDF/FTC for PrEP until week 22	K65R, M184V, K103S, E138Q, Y199L (25 wk)
		21 wk	Reactive	Nonreactive multispot	Reactive	<20 copies
		22 wk					Dolutegravir added to TDF/ FTC for treatment regimen
		25 wk	Reactive	Nonreactive multispot	Nonreactive	Not detected
Zucker [6]	POC antibody–nonreactive, Ag/Ag-nonreactive, pooled NAT–negative	28 d	Reactive	Negative WB	Reactive		TDF/FTC for PrEP until 32 d	Not assessed
		32 d	Nonreactive		Nonreactive	<20 copies	Dolutegravir added to TDF/ FTC for treatment regimen
		46 d	Reactive	Indeterminate WB	Reactive	Not detected
Hoornenborg [7]	Ag/Ab-nonrective, pooled NAT–negative	10 wk	Reactive Ab, nonreactive p24 Ag				TDF/FTC for PrEP until 11 wk	None
		11 wk	Reactive	Negative WB	Nonreactive	Not detected
		12 wk				Not detected
		14 wk				12 882 copies
		15 wk		Weak positive WB		101 156 copies	Started TDF/FTC, ritonavir, darunavir, dolutegravir for treatment regimen
		19 wk		Positive WB
Seroconversions on PrEP with unambiguous HIV test results
Thaden [8]	Ag/Ab-nonreactive	16 mo	Reactive			27 316 copies	TDF/FTC for PrEP until month 16, started on dolutegravir, rilpivirine, darunavir/cobicistat for treatment	M164V, K65R, K70T, K103N, V109, V1971
Streek [9]	Ag/Ab-nonreactive	103 d	Reactive			59 copies	TDF for hepatitis B treatment until day 103, FTC and ritonavir-boosted darunavir added for treatment regimen	K65R

Abbreviations: Ab, antibody; Ag, antigen; FTC, emtricitabine; NAT, nucleic test; POC, point of care; PrEP, pre-exposure prophylaxis; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; WB, Western blot.