Table 2.
Participant mean test scores by dialect and clinical status.
| Group | DELV-NR | GFTA-2 | PTONI | PPVT-4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAE | ||||
| LI (n = 28) | 5.11 (1.47) | 104.54 (9.50) | 88.96 (14.57) | 87.71 (12.78) |
| TD (n = 19) | 9.74 (1.20) | 109.32 (3.82) | 102.79 (13.62) | 103.16 (10.05) |
| SWE | ||||
| LI (n = 15) | 5.47 (1.36) | 107.60 (3.85) | 92.73 (10.55) | 94.27 (12.70) |
| TD (n = 36) | 9.72 (1.92) | 109.83 (4.46) | 103.97 (15.60) | 108.36 (8.00) |
| All participants | ||||
| LI (N = 43) | 5.23 (1.43) | 105.60 (8.07) | 90.28 (13.30) | 90.00 (13.00) |
| TD (N = 55) | 9.73 (1.69) | 109.65 (4.22) | 103.56 (14.83) | 106.56 (9.02) |
Note. AAE = African American English; DELV-NR = Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Norm Referenced Test (M = 10, SD = 3); GFTA-2 = Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation–Second Edition (M = 100, SD = 15); LI = language impairment; PTONI = Primary Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (M = 100, SD = 15); PPVT-4 = Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition (M = 100, SD = 15); SWE = Southern White English; TD = typically developing.