Table 3.
Participant scores on tools by dialect and clinical status.
| Group | TROLL | CCC-2 | DELV-ST-II | DIBELS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAE | ||||
| LI | 82.29 (11.75) | 94.43 (16.65) | 9.57 (3.85) | 55.93 (28.29) |
| TD | 89.63 (8.34) | 107.16 (15.21) | 5.84 (2.77) | 65.47 (25.43) |
| SWE | ||||
| LI | 77.67 (15.25) | 91.60 (18.21) | 9.00 (3.19) | 41.20 (24.96) |
| TD | 92.08 (9.67) | 108.92 (13.53) | 6.53 (4.10) | 69.56 (21.14) |
| All participants | ||||
| LI | 80.67 (13.08) | 93.44 (17.04) | 9.37 (3.61) | 50.79 (27.79) |
| TD | 91.24 (9.23) | 108.31 (14.01) | 6.29 (3.69) | 68.13 (22.56) |
Note. Means reported first, followed by standard deviations in parentheses.
AAE = African American English; CCC-2 = Children's Communicative Checklist–Second Edition (M = 100, SD = 15); DELV-ST-II = Part II of the Diagnostic Evaluation of Language Variation–Screening Test (number of errors reported, high risk = 9 errors); DIBELS = Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills–Next (percentiles reported, referral ≤ 24th percentile); LI = language impairment; SWE = Southern White English; TROLL = Teacher Rating of Oral Language and Literacy (maximum = 98); TD = typically developing.