Table 7.
Parameter estimates from the bivariate dual change score model for dialect and passage comprehension.
| Parameter | Dialect |
Passage comprehension |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | SE | Estimate | SE | |
| Intercept mean | 6.61 | 0.15 | 22.67 | 0.05 |
| Slope mean | −9.20 | 2.89 | 8.51 | 0.74 |
| Proportional (β) | 0.02 | 0.03 | −0.33 | 0.03 |
| Proportional 2 (β) | — | — | −0.34 | 0.03 |
| Coupling (γ) | 0.36 | 0.12 | −0.03 | 0.01 |
| Intercept variance | 7.26 | 0.66 | 0.88 | 0.08 |
| Residual variance | 1.73 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.01 |
| Covariance | SE | Correlation | ||
| Intercept covariance | −1.64 | 0.18 | −.65 | |
| Residual covariance | −0.01 | 0.02 | −.01 | |
Note. Dashes indicate that parameter is not applicable. Dialect density percentages were rescaled to 1/10th. Passage comprehension W scores were rescaled to 1/20th. “Coupling” refers to the effect from the other construct (see Equation 3a–3b): The column name is the outcome, and the other construct is the predictor.