Table 5.
Characteristics of RA patients according to body composition phenotype combined with VFA and BMI
| N = 352 | BMI < 18.5 | 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 | BMI ≥ 25 | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VFA < 100 | VFA < 100 | VFA ≥ 100 | VFA < 100 | VFA ≥ 100 | ||
| Thinness (+) n = 37 (10.5%) | Obesity (−) Visceral adiposity (−) n = 224 (63.6%) |
Obesity (−) Visceral adiposity (+) n = 12 (3.4%) |
Obesity (+) Visceral adiposity (−) n = 45 (12.8%) |
Obesity (+) Visceral adiposity (+) n = 34 (9.7%) |
||
| Age (years) | 61.3 ± 13.3 | 61.1 ± 12.1 | 71.8 ± 6.7 | 62.1 ± 11.7 | 62.3 ± 9.6 | 0.054 |
| Male, n (%) | 1 (2.7) | 31 (13.8) | 7 (58.3) | 6 (13.3) | 15 (20.6) | 0.002 |
| Mean IMT (mm) | 0.67 ± 0.12 | 0.68 ± 0.15 | 0.93 ± 0.29 † | 0.73 ± 0.16 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | < 0.001 |
| Max IMT (mm) | 0.85 ± 0.17 | 0.88 ± 0.32 | 1.44 ± 0.71‡ | 0.97 ± 0.30 | 0.91 ± 0.17 | < 0.001 |
| Max IMT 1.0 mm or more, n (%) | 7 (18.9) | 46 (20.5) | 10 (83.3) | 11 (24.4) | 9 (26.5) | < 0.001 |
| Plaque score | 0.0 (0) | 0.13 ± 0.04 | 1.43 ± 0.61 § | 0.38 ± 0.26 | 0.28 ± 0.19 | < 0.001 |
| Body composition indicators | ||||||
| VFA (cm2) | 33.7 ± 15.0 | 50.6 ± 19.1 | 113.8 ± 13.6 | 78.2 ± 15.8 | 126.8 ± 26.6 | < 0.001 |
| SFA (cm2) | 69.6 ± 25.7 | 137.7 ± 48.0 | 156.9 ± 39.8 | 228.4 ± 57.3 | 247.8 ± 66.7 | < 0 0.001 |
| V/S ratio | 0.50 ± 0.22 | 0.40 ± 0.17 | 0.76 ± 0.16 || | 0.36 ± 0.13 | 0.54 ± 0.17 ¶ | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | ||||||
| Man | 63.0 ± 0 | 83.4 ± 6.0 | 87.9 ± 3.9 | 92.3 ± 7.0 | 98.0 ± 5.7 | < 0 0.001 |
| Women | 71.2 ± 5.1 | 81.5 ± 7.3 | 92.4 ± 4.5 | 94.0 ± 7.1 | 100.5 ± 6.8 | < 0 0.001 |
| Systemic skeletal muscle ratio (%) | 25.5 ± 3.3 | 24.8 ± 3.2 | 25.8 ± 3.3 | 23.1 ± 2.5 | 24.7 ± 3.6 | 0.006 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (24.3) | 54 (24.1) | 6 (50.0) | 22 (48.9) | 22 (64.7) | < 0 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1 (2.7) | 10 (4.5) | 5 (41.7) | 6 (13.3) | 7 (20.6) | < 0 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 8 (21.6) | 73 (32.6) | 7 (58.3) | 21 (46.7) | 21 (61.8) | < 0 0.001 |
| RA disease characteristics | ||||||
| Duration (year) | 11.1 ± 7.8 | 10.6 ± 10.0 | 11.0 ± 8.7 | 11.9 ± 10.1 | 8.9 ± 7.3 | 0.746 |
| HAQ score | 0.66 ± 0.62 | 0.46 ± 0.56 | 0.69 ± 0.69 | 0.48 ± 0.59 | 0.51 ± 0.60 | 0.256 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.66 ± 1.81 | 0.35 ± 0.83 | 0.33 ± 0.38 | 0.26 ± 0.33 | 0.38 ± 0.56 | 0.329 |
| DAS28-ESR | 3.24 ± 1.03** | 2.61 ± 0.91 | 2.84 ± 0.87 | 2.77 ± 1.02 | 2.23 ± 0.89 | 0.047 |
| Current RA therapeutics characteristics | ||||||
| cs DMARD use, n (%) | 32 (86.4) | 196 (87.5) | 9 (75.0) | 37 (82.2) | 27 (79.4) | 0.416 |
| ts DMARD use, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Biological agent use, n (%) | 21 (56.8) | 115 (51.3) | 6 (50.0) | 22 (48.9) | 19 (55.9) | 0.945 |
| Prednisolone use, n (%) | 9 (24.3) | 37 (16.5) | 4 (33.3) | 14 (31.1) | 10 (29.4) | 0.061 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, or number (percentage)
BMI Body Mass Index, VFA visceral fat area, IMT intima–media thickness, SAF subcutaneous fat, V/S visceral fat area/subcutaneous fat area, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire, CRp C-reactive protein, DAS28-ESR Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using erythrocyte sedimentation rate, csDMARD conventional synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, ts DMARD targeted synthetic DMARD
*Analysis of variance for continuous variables or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables
†‡§|| p < 0.05 for pairwise comparison with all other groups (multiple comparisons using Steel–Dwass)
¶ p < 0.05 for pairwise comparison with the group of Obesity (−) Visceral adiposity (−) and Obesity (+) Visceral adiposity (−), p = < 0.001, p = < 0.001, respectively (multiple comparisons using Steel–Dwass)
**p < 0.05 for pairwise comparison with the group of Obesity (−) Visceral adiposity (−) and Obesity (+) Visceral adiposity (+), p = 0.045, p = 0.007, respectively (multiple comparisons using Steel–Dwass)