Table 1.
Key characteristics of included studies
| Study: First Author (date) |
Participant characteristics Disease population (% female) number enrolled Age: Mean (SD) (years) |
Intervention group characteristics# Theoretical Model Number (names) of behaviour change techniques |
Comparison group characteristics | Outcome of interest Time points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allam (2015) [49] | Adults with RA (45.8%) n = 155 (I = 85, C = 70) 57.95(12.29) years |
Duration: 4 months ONESELF website: provides health, disease and PA Information and either (3 groups) 1. Social support – forum/chat room with 9 moderated sessions 2. Gaming—activities and rewards for logging on and participation 3. Social support + gaming BCTs n = 3 (social support (unspecified/ emotional), credible source) |
1.Waiting list control group 2. ONESELF website: health, disease & PA Information only BCTs n = 1 (credible source) |
Self-reported PA: minutes/week (Exercise behaviours scale) End of intervention |
| Lelieveld (2010) [51] | Children with JIA (87.8%) n = 33 (I = 17, C = 16) 10.7 (1.5) years |
Duration:17 weeks. Rheumates @ work weekly progressive online PA programme with tailored feedback, plus 4 group sessions with family (Health Promotion Model [53]) BCTs n = 6 (goal setting, behavioural contract, feedback on outcomes of behaviour, information on antecedents/about others’ approval, pros and cons) |
Waiting list control group BCTs n = 0 |
Objective PA: Aerobic exercise capacity (Bruce Treadmill Test) Self-reported PA: number of days/week with > 1 h mod-vig activity (activity diary)End of intervention |
| Lorig (2008) [52] | Adults with RA. (90%) n = 144 (I = 72, C = 72) 52.5 (12.2) years |
Duration: 6 weeks ASMP online; weekly web based instruction, access to bulletin board and individual tools e.g., exercise logs, medication diaries and tailored exercise programmes (Social Cognition Model) [54] BCTs n = 5 (action planning, self-monitoring of behaviour, social support (unspecified), demonstration of the behaviour, reduce negative emotions) |
Usual care control group BCTs n = 0 |
Self-reported PA: minutes/day (activity diary) 1 year after end of intervention |
| Van den Berg (2006) 33 | Adults with RA (76%) n = 160 (I = 82, C = 78) 49.5 (12.9) years |
Duration: 1 year Tailored online weekly exercise prescription: 5 days/week of progressive strengthening (3 × 10 reps/day), aerobic (cycling from 10 > 30 min day) and ROM (3 × 10 reps day) exercises & access to webpages, group forum &weekly individual supervision. BCTs n = 9 (monitoring of behaviour by others without feedback, self-monitoring of behaviour, feedback on outcomes of behaviour, social support (unspecified/ emotional), instructions on how to perform the behaviour, demonstration of the behaviour, graded tasks, adding objects to the environment) | Access to general online information and advice BCTs n = 2 (graded tasks, instructions on how to perform the behaviour) |
Objective PA: overall PA score calculated using an accelerometer over 5 days Self-reported PA: Days/week mod. active for > 30 min and vigorous active > 20 min HRQoL: RAQoL End of Intervention |
| Hurkmans (2010) 50 | Adults with RA (77%) n = 110 (I = 56, C = 45) 50.6 (13.1) years |
As above | As above | Self- reported PA: days/week moderately active for > 30 min, Days per week vigorously active > 20 min 1 year after end of intervention |
RA rheumatoid arthritis, n number, I intervention group, C comparison group, BCTs behaviour change techniques, ASMP arthritis self-management program, HAQ Health Assessment Questionnaire, mod moderate, No. number, PA physical activity, RAQoL rheumatoid arthritis quality of life, reps repetitions, ROM range of movement, vig vigorous