Table 1.
General characteristics of study subjects stratified by HbA1c level
| HbA1c (%) |
P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| <6.5 (n = 12) | 6.5–7.5 (n = 20) | >7.5 (n = 15) | ||
| Age, years | 66 (61–72) | 67 (62–71) | 64 (59–69) | 0.69 |
| Male sex | 11 (92) | 18 (90) | 13 (87) | 0.91 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29.1 (24.2–34) | 33.2 (28.9–37.4) | 32.7 (27.8–37.5) | 0.41 |
| BSA, m2 | 2.08 (1.89–2.26) | 2.28 (2.12–2.44) | 2.26 (2.08–2.45) | 0.21 |
| SBP, mmHg | 142 (131–154) | 145 (136–153) | 149 (139–160) | 0.62 |
| DBP, mmHg | 81 (76–87) | 80 (76–85) | 89 (83–94) | 0.047 |
| History of hypertension | 11 (91.67) | 18 (90.00) | 15 (100.00) | 0.46 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (25.00) | 5 (25.00) | 6 (40.00) | 0.58 |
| Medication use | ||||
| β-Blockers | 3 (25.00) | 11 (55.00) | 9 (60.00) | 0.15 |
| Aspirin | 5 (42.00) | 15 (75.00) | 11 (73.00) | 0.12 |
| ACE inhibitors | 8 (67.00) | 16 (80.00) | 8 (53.00) | 0.24 |
| Spironolactone | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.50 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 4 (33.00) | 8 (40.00) | 7 (47.00) | 0.78 |
| Insulin | 2 (17.00) | 6 (32.00) | 12 (80.00) | 0.002 |
| Metformin | 7 (58.33) | 10 (50.00) | 9 (64.29) | 0.70 |
| Sulfonylureas | 1 (8.33) | 8 (40.00) | 3 (21.43) | 0.13 |
| Thiazolidinediones | 0 (0.00) | 2 (10.00) | 1 (7.14) | 0.54 |
| GLP-1 agonists | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0.51 |
| DPP-4 inhibitors | 1 (8.33) | 2 (10.00) | 1 (7.14) | 0.96 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 87.5 (69.9–105.1) | 71.3 (60.4–82.2) | 85.4 (70.2–100.6) | 0.14 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.84 (5.53–6.15) | 6.89 (6.6–7.17) | 8.57 (8.16–8.98) | — |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 40 (37–44) | 52 (49–54) | 70 (66–73) | |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 49.3 (39.3–59.3) | 42 (35.8–48.2) | 38.1 (31.5–44.6) | 0.13 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 39.6 (0–86.9) | 61.5 (22.8–100.1) | 71.4 (18.8–123.9) | 0.49 |
Data are the mean (95% CI) or n (%) of subjects. No subjects were receiving meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, or sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; SBP, systolic blood pressure.