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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Pineal Res. 2018 May 21;65(2):e12501. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12501

The quantitative analysis of the modulatory effects of topical treatment with melatonin, AFMK or NAS on 8OHdG, γH2AX, TUNEL, p53^ser115 and Nrf2 expression in human skin. The compounds were topically applied 4 h prior to (A) or immediately after (B) UVB exposure. Data are presented as the percentage of positively-stained cells per 100 consecutive epidermal cells ± SD; the statistical significance of the differences was evaluated by Student’s t test; where *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001, and NS – lack of significance.

The quantitative analysis of the modulatory effects of topical treatment with melatonin, AFMK or NAS on 8OHdG, γH2AX, TUNEL, p53^ser115 and Nrf2 expression in human skin. The compounds were topically applied 4 h prior to (A) or immediately after (B) UVB exposure. Data are presented as the percentage of positively-stained cells per 100 consecutive epidermal cells ± SD; the statistical significance of the differences was evaluated by Student’s t test; where *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001, and NS – lack of significance.