A) LDH activity in the media of injured, treated groups was lower than injured, untreated explants, and similar to uninjured controls. SS-31 also had a protective effect against cell membrane damage in treated controls (p = 0.05). B) Cumulative GAG loss into the media was increased in injured, untreated explants compared to uninjured controls. GAG loss was similar in injured, treated and control groups. Groups that do not share a letter are significantly different at p ≤ 0.05. Error bars = ±s.d.