Fig. 3.

Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines following ZIKV infection. a Concentrations (pg ml⁻¹) of plasma IL-1RA, sCD40L, MCP-1, IL-8, and IL-15 at baseline (−10 dpi) and 2 dpi were measured by Luminex. Blue (females) and red (males) symbols indicate individual animals (n = 8). Medians are indicated by bars with interquartile ranges. Differences between responses at baseline and 2 dpi were evaluated using paired Wilcoxon tests (n = 8), with unadjusted p-values displayed and significant differences defined as p ≤ 0.05. b Concentrations (pg ml⁻¹) of plasma cytokines and chemokines at 2 dpi were measured by Luminex. Symbols indicate individual animals (n = 8), females (blue) or males (red). Medians are indicated by bars and show interquartile ranges. Differences between males and females were evaluated using Wilcoxon tests (n = 4 per group), and the corresponding unadjusted significant (p ≤ 0.05) or trending (p ≤ 0.08) p-values are shown