Table 1.

Mean ± 95% CI brain anatomical changes associated with the experimental trials (n = 10)

	EHS versus CON (% Change)	EHS‐DEH versus CON (% Change)	EHS‐DEH versus EHS (% Change)
Aggregate brain areas
Cortical white matter	1.2 ± 1.1*	0.1 ± 0.9	−1.1 ± 0.9*
Subcortical gray matter	0.5 ± 0.9	−1.1 ± 0.9*	−1.5 ± 0.9*
Brain structures
Cerebellum	1.5 ± 0.8*	−0.7 ± 0.8*	−2.2 ± 0.8*
Cerebellar gray matter	1.9 ± 0.9*	−0.7 ± 0.9	−2.5 ± 1.0*
Corpus callosum	0.5 ± 1.0	−0.8 ± 0.9	−1.3 ± 0.9*
Subcortical gray matter
Globus pallidus	5.2 ± 5.1*	1.4 ± 3.3	−3.8 ± 3.9
Thalamus	1.1 ± 1.7	−2.7 ± 1.3*	−3.8 ± 1.7*
Ventricular system
All Ventricles	−5.3 ± 1.7*	6.8 ± 3.4*	12.1 ± 2.5*
Lateral Ventricles	−5.0 ± 2.0*	7.5 ± 3.5*	12.5 ± 2.7*
Third and Fourth Ventricles	−8.9 ± 4.3*	3.8 ± 3.9	12.8 ± 4.0*
Nonventricular Cerebrospinal Fluid	−6.2 ± 2.9*	6.0 ± 5.4*	12.2 ± 4.4*

Areas are expressed as a relative change from resting control (CON) for exercise heat stress without dehydration (EHS) and exercise heat stress with dehydration (EHS‐DEH). *P ≤ 0.05; ND, no significant difference (P > 0.05).