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. 2018 Aug 22;8:12533. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30319-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cross-reactivity between bat paramyxovirus B16-40 and human parainfluenza virus 1 (KBPV-VR-44) was determined by fluorescent signal in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Mock-infected (A) and bat paramyxovirus B16-40-infected (B,C) MARC-145 cells reacted with negative mouse serum diluted 40x (A) mouse antiserum against bat paramyxovirus B16-40 diluted 40x (B) and mouse antiserum against human parainfluenza virus 1 (KBPV-VR-44) diluted 40x. (C) Mock-infected (D) and human parainfluenza virus 1 (KBPV-VR-44)-infected (E,F) LLC-MK2 cells reacted with negative mouse serum diluted 40x (D) mouse antiserum against human parainfluenza virus 1 diluted 80x (KBPV-VR-44) (E) and mouse antiserum (pooled) against bat paramyxovirus B16-40 diluted 40x (F). All the images were equally adjusted to a brightness of +40 and a contrast of −40.