FIG 1.

Piperaquine concentration-time profile (semilogarithmic scale) following administration of half of the standard dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine adult dose in step 1 (n = 23 [the data for one participant were excluded]; ART-naive individuals, n = 6; individuals receiving efavirenz [EFV], n = 6; individuals receiving ritonavir-boosted lopinavir [LPV/r], n = 6; individuals receiving nevirapine [NVP], n = 5). Concentrations below the lower limit of quantification were excluded, resulting in a plotted observation time of up to 336 h in the efavirenz group and 672 h in the rest of the study groups. Data are represented as the mean (95% confidence interval).