FIG 1.

Effect of cFP on survival of V. vulnificus under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress conditions. (A) Culture supernatant from wild-type V. vulnificus cells at stationary phase contributes to survival of V. vulnificus under oxidative stress. Wild-type V. vulnificus cells were treated with an ethyl acetate extract of supernatant from wild-type V. vulnificus or ΔllcA isotype cultures grown in LB broth to exponential phase (A₆₀₀ = 0.1) or stationary phase (A₆₀₀ = 2.5), and 625 μM H₂O₂ was added to each sample. Survival of cells was assessed by measuring CFU. (B) cFP at 1 mM increases survivability of V. vulnificus under H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Wild-type V. vulnificus cells grown in the presence of different concentrations of cFP were treated with 625 μM H₂O₂ (solid bars) or no H₂O₂ treatment (open bars). Cell survival was then assessed by measuring CFU. CFU were expressed as the CFU₆₀/CFU₀ ratio. CFU₀ and CFU₆₀ are CFU per milliliter at 0 min and at 60 min, respectively, after treatment or not with H₂O₂. The error bars denote standard deviations of the results of three independent experiments (**, P < 0.005; *, P < 0.05; NS, not significant).