Figure 4.

Summary of evidence on the associations between measures of glucocorticoids (GCs) and parental care in wild vertebrates. Most comparisons showed that parental care is negatively associated with GCs when they are elevated within the stress induced range or given a high dose of experimental GCs whereas positive correlations are apparent in comparisons with GCs on lower baseline range (baseline GCs or low dose experimental GCs). Counts are comparisons where any measure of GCs and parental care were investigated and in some cases there was more than one comparison per study (see Table S2)